What Are Birthmarks?
Birthmarks are visible areas of discolouration or raised skin that are either present at birth or emerge during infancy. They can vary in size, colour, shape, and texture. While many birthmarks fade over time, others persist or increase in size.
There are two main categories of birthmarks:
1. Pigmented Birthmarks
These are caused by an excess of melanin (the pigment that gives skin its colour). Common types include:
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Moles (Congenital Melanocytic Naevi) – May be flat or raised, and dark brown or black in colour.
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Café-au-lait Macules – Light brown patches that resemble the colour of coffee with milk.
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Mongolian Spots – Bluish-grey patches typically found on the lower back or buttocks, more common in darker-skinned infants.
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Naevus of Ota – A blue-grey pigmentation usually appearing on the face, often involving the eye area.
2. Vascular Birthmarks
These are caused by abnormal blood vessels in the skin. Common examples include:
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Salmon Patches (Angel Kisses or Stork Bites) – Light pink patches on the face or nape of the neck.
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Hemangiomas – Raised red lesions that may grow rapidly before stabilising or shrinking over time.
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Port-Wine Stains – Flat, dark red or purple patches that may deepen in colour and thicken with age.
Should Birthmarks Be Treated?
Most birthmarks are harmless and do not require medical treatment. However, treatment may be considered in the following situations:
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The birthmark is growing, changing in colour, or bleeding.
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It causes discomfort, irritation, or functional problems (e.g. near the eye, nose, or mouth).
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There is concern about potential associations with other health conditions.
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It causes significant cosmetic or psychological distress.
A consultation with a dermatologist is important to determine the nature of the birthmark, monitor for changes, and discuss whether treatment is recommended.
Learn more about the range of treatments for birthmarks.
When to See a Dermatologist
Early evaluation is especially important for birthmarks that:
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Appear to be growing quickly
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Are associated with symptoms like pain, bleeding, or irritation
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Are located near sensitive areas like the eyes, mouth, or genitals
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Cause parental concern due to appearance or psychological impact
Our team at Shine Dermatology provides comprehensive assessment and evidence-based recommendations for all types of birthmarks. We take a patient-centred approach, ensuring that any proposed treatment is both safe and suitable.
If you or your child has a birthmark that you are concerned about, we invite you to book a consultation with our experienced dermatologists. We will assess the lesion thoroughly and discuss whether treatment, monitoring, or reassurance is most appropriate.
