What is Eczema?

Eczema, also known as dermatitis, refers to a group of inflammatory skin conditions that result in red, dry, itchy, and sometimes weepy or scaly patches. The condition tends to be chronic, with periods of flares and remissions. It is not contagious.

The exact cause of eczema is complex and likely involves a combination of:

• Genetic predisposition (family history of eczema, asthma, or hay fever)

• Skin barrier dysfunction, making skin more sensitive to irritants and allergens

• Environmental triggers, such as stress, heat, soaps, detergents, dust mites, and certain foods

Types of Eczema We Treat

There are several distinct types of eczema, each with its own triggers and treatment considerations:

• Atopic Dermatitis: The most common form, often seen in childhood. Linked to allergies and asthma, it causes intensely itchy, dry skin and chronic inflammation.

• Contact Dermatitis: Caused by direct contact with irritants or allergens such as soaps, fragrances, or nickel. Removing the trigger is key.

• Seborrheic Dermatitis: Affects areas rich in oil glands like the scalp, face, and chest. Often presents with greasy scales and redness.

• Stasis Dermatitis: Occurs on the lower legs due to poor circulation, often seen in older adults with varicose veins or chronic swelling.

• Nummular Eczema: Characterised by coin-shaped patches, usually triggered by dry skin or skin injury.

• Dyshidrotic Eczema: Presents with small, itchy blisters on the hands and feet, often worsened by stress or heat.

Eczema Symptoms

Symptoms vary by type but commonly include:

• Dry, scaly, or thickened skin

• Red or inflamed patches

• Intense itching, which may worsen at night

• Cracked or weeping skin in severe cases

• Blisters or oozing in acute flares

• Skin discolouration from chronic scratching

Persistent scratching can lead to skin thickening (lichenification), infection, and sleep disturbances, especially in children.

Eczema Diagnosis at Shine Dermatology

Diagnosis is made based on clinical examination and detailed history. In certain cases, additional tests may be performed, such as:

• Patch testing for suspected allergic contact dermatitis

• Skin biopsy to rule out other conditions

• Blood tests to assess allergy markers (e.g. IgE levels)

Our dermatologists will work with you to identify triggers, guide skincare routines, and develop a sustainable treatment plan.

Eczema Treatment Options

Effective eczema treatment requires a combination of daily skincare, trigger avoidance, and medical therapy tailored to the individual. At Shine Dermatology, we offer a full spectrum of eczema management options:

1. Topical Treatments

• Moisturisers: Restore the skin barrier and prevent dryness

• Topical corticosteroids: Reduce inflammation and itch during flare-ups

• Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory creams: Such as calcineurin inhibitors, suitable for sensitive areas or long-term use

2. Advanced Therapies

• Wet wrap therapy: Intensive moisturising and anti-inflammatory treatment for moderate to severe eczema

• Phototherapy (narrowband UVB): Light-based treatment for chronic eczema resistant to creams

• Oral medications: For widespread or severe cases, such as antihistamines, oral steroids (short-term), or immunomodulatory agents

3. Biologic & Targeted Therapies

• Biologic injections (e.g. Dupilumab): For moderate to severe atopic dermatitis in adults and children, particularly when other treatments have failed

• Oral JAK inhibitors: Newer oral medications that help regulate immune response and reduce inflammation

Our dermatologists will discuss the risks, benefits, and suitability of each treatment for your specific condition.

Managing Eczema Long-Term

Eczema is typically a chronic condition with intermittent flares. Long-term control involves:

• Daily moisturisation with fragrance-free emollients

• Avoiding known triggers (e.g. harsh soaps, allergens)

• Maintaining good skin hygiene and barrier protection

• Regular dermatology follow-up for medication adjustment and flare prevention

At Shine Dermatology, we support you through every step of your eczema journey—from diagnosis and flare management to long-term skin health.

When to See a Dermatologist

Seek professional help if:

• Your symptoms are severe or affecting quality of life

• Over-the-counter treatments are not effective

• You suspect an infection (e.g. weeping, crusting, pain)

• There are frequent or worsening flare-ups

FAQ

Is eczema contagious?
No, eczema is not infectious or contagious.

Can children grow out of eczema?
Some children may outgrow atopic dermatitis, though sensitive skin may persist.

Are steroid creams safe?
When used as prescribed and in appropriate strengths, topical steroids are effective and safe. Your dermatologist will guide safe usage.

Is eczema related to allergies?
Yes, atopic dermatitis often coexists with other allergic conditions such as asthma or allergic rhinitis. Identifying and managing allergies can improve eczema control.

Struggling with eczema? Let our dermatologists help you regain control and comfort.
Book an appointment at Shine Dermatology today for a comprehensive eczema consultation.