Dermatology Glossary
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Acne
A skin condition where pores become blocked with oil, dead skin cells, and bacteria, resulting in pimples, blackheads, or whiteheads. Acne often appears on the face, chest, and back, and severity can range from mild breakouts to cystic forms.
Allergies
A reaction by the immune system to substances that are normally harmless, such as pollen, foods, medications, or pet dander. Allergic reactions can affect the skin, respiratory system, or other organs, leading to symptoms like redness, swelling, or itching.
Age Spots
Sometimes called liver spots, are areas of increased skin pigmentation that develop gradually. They are most often seen on parts of the body frequently exposed to sunlight, including the face, hands, and shoulders. These marks are benign and linked to cumulative UV exposure over time.
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Birthmarks
Distinct spots or patches on the skin that appear at birth or shortly after. They can differ in color, size, and shape, ranging from light brown to deep red or blue, and are generally harmless, though some types may need medical evaluation.
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Calluses
Thickened patches of skin that form in response to repeated pressure or friction. Commonly found on the hands or feet, calluses act as a protective barrier and are usually not painful unless excessively thick.
Corns
Small, hardened areas of skin that develop on the toes or soles due to continuous pressure or friction. Corns are often more painful than calluses and may appear as circular, firm bumps.
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Dandruff
A scalp condition characterised by flaking skin, which can be dry or oily, often accompanied by itching or irritation. Dandruff is generally harmless but can persist or recur over time.
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Eczema
A chronic skin disorder that causes dry, itchy, and inflamed patches of skin. Eczema can be triggered by allergens, stress, or environmental factors, and may occur anywhere on the body.
Exosome Hair Treatment
A non-surgical therapy that supports hair regrowth and scalp health by delivering regenerative exosomes to hair follicles. It helps prevent hair thinning, nourishes follicles, and revitalizes the scalp. The treatment is designed to enhance natural hair density and quality over time.
F
Fungal Infections
Skin, nail, or hair infections caused by fungi, including yeasts and molds. These infections can lead to redness, itching, scaling, or thickened nails, and in some cases may affect other parts of the body.
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H
Hair Loss
A condition in which hair falls out faster than it grows, leading to thinning or bald patches. Hair loss can affect both men and women and may result from a variety of factors, including stress, hormonal changes, nutritional deficiencies, infections, or medical conditions.
Hyperhidrosis
Excessive sweating that is not related to heat or physical activity. Overactive sweat glands commonly affect the hands, feet, and underarms, sometimes interfering with daily activities.
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M
Moles
Moles, medically referred to as nevi, are clusters of pigmented skin cells that can appear anywhere on the body. Normal moles are harmless, differ in size, color, and shape. Any mole that changes in appearance should be checked, as it may signal melanoma.
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Nail Abnormalities
Changes in the appearance, texture, or structure of nails, which may result from infections, injury, or systemic health issues. These abnormalities can include discoloration, thickening, brittleness, or deformity.
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P
Psoriasis
An autoimmune skin condition that causes rapid skin cell turnover, resulting in thick, scaly, and inflamed patches. Psoriasis commonly affects areas such as the scalp, elbows, and knees, but can appear anywhere on the body.
Polynucleotide Injections
Aesthetic injections containing purified DNA fragments (polynucleotides) designed to improve skin quality. They help reduce fine lines, wrinkles, and dark circles by promoting collagen and elastin production. The treatment is minimally invasive and aims to rejuvenate skin texture and elasticity.
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R
Rashes
A rash is a noticeable change in the skin’s appearance, often characterised by redness, swelling, irritation, or bumps. Rashes can be itchy, painful, or uncomfortable, and they may appear on the face or any part of the body. They can result from allergic reactions, infections, heat, or underlying medical conditions.
Rosacea
A long-term skin condition that causes facial redness, visible blood vessels, and sometimes small bumps resembling acne. Rosacea most frequently affects the cheeks, nose, and forehead.
S
Scars
Areas of fibrous tissue that replace normal skin following an injury, surgery, or other trauma. Scars vary in size, shape, and texture depending on the depth and type of wound.
Skin Cancer
A disease in which skin cells grow uncontrollably, often appearing as unusual growths, sores, or discolored patches. Skin cancer can develop anywhere on the body and is commonly linked to sun exposure.
Skin Pigmentation
Skin pigmentation is the natural color of the skin, determined by melanin. Changes can cause darker (hyperpigmentation) or lighter (hypopigmentation) patches due to inflammation, hormones, medications, or UV exposure.
Sebaceous Cysts
Sebaceous cysts are non-cancerous, closed sacs that form beneath the skin and are commonly filled with fluid. Sebaceous cysts develop when oil glands or hair follicles become blocked or damaged. They usually occur on the face, scalp, neck, or torus and tend to grow slowly.
Skin Biopsy
A skin biopsy is a diagnostic test that involves removing a small section of skin for microscopic analysis. It is commonly used to identify skin cancers, infections, or unexplained rashes. The results help guide diagnosis and treatment decisions.
Skin Excision
A minor surgical technique used to completely remove skin lesions or abnormal growths, such as skin cancer. It is often performed for moles, cysts, or suspicious skin changes.
Skin Lumps and Bumps
Raised or swollen areas that develop on or under the skin. Most are harmless and may result from blocked pores, infections, trauma, or benign growths. Medical assessment is recommended if they grow, change, or cause discomfort.
Skin Tag
Soft, flesh-colored growths that protrude from the skin. They commonly form in areas of friction such as the neck, armpits, groin, and eyelids. Skin tags are benign and do not pose health risks.
Skin Laser Treatment
Also called laser resurfacing, this procedure uses focused laser energy to remove the outer layer of skin while stimulating deeper layers. It promotes collagen production and encourages new skin growth, improving wrinkles, scars, discoloration, and overall skin texture. The treatment is precise and can be tailored to different skin concerns.
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U
Urticaria
Also called hives, urticaria is a skin reaction that produces raised, itchy, red welts. These welts can appear suddenly and may vary in size or shape, often caused by allergic reactions or other triggers.
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Vitiligo
A disorder in which the immune system attacks pigment-producing cells, causing white patches to form on the skin. Vitiligo may also affect hair and other pigmented areas, leading to noticeable depigmentation.
W
Warts
Warts are benign skin growths caused by infection with the human papillomavirus (HPV). They develop when the virus triggers excess skin growth in a localized area. Warts can appear anywhere on the body but are most commonly found on the hands and feet.
